Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that weakens bones. Weak bones are more likely to break. Osteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” because it can progress without symptoms until a fracture occurs, typically in the hip, spine, or wrist.
What Is Osteoporosis?
Strength training exercises help maintain bone density.
Image Source: Adobe Stock.
Osteoporosis occurs when bone density and quality are reduced. Bones become porous and brittle due to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. While bone is a living tissue that constantly renews itself, this process slows with age, especially after 30, leading to gradual bone loss.
Who Is at Risk?
Osteoporosis affects over 50 million people in the U.S., with women—especially postmenopausal—being at higher risk. However, men are also vulnerable, particularly after age 70. Key risk factors include:
- Age: Risk increases after 50.
- Sex: Women are four times more likely to develop osteoporosis.
- Race: White and Asian individuals are at higher risk.
- Family history: Genetics play a significant role.
- Body size: Smaller, thinner individuals have less bone mass to lose.
- Hormonal changes: Low estrogen or testosterone levels accelerate bone loss.
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol, poor diet, and inactivity contribute to risk.
- Medical conditions and medications: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and long-term use of corticosteroids or cancer treatments can increase susceptibility.
Symptoms and Signs
Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs. However, some signs may include:
- Loss of height
- Stooped posture
- Back pain from collapsed vertebrae
- Fractures from minor falls or stresses like coughing
Diagnosis
The primary diagnostic tool is a bone density test (DEXA scan), which measures bone mineral content. It’s recommended for:
- Women aged 65+
- Men aged 70+
- Postmenopausal women and men over 50 with risk factors
Prevention Strategies
Weight-bearing exercises like walking or running can help to keep bones strong.
Photo Source: Adobe Stock Images.
Preventing osteoporosis involves lifestyle and dietary changes:
- Nutrition: Adequate intake of calcium (1,000–1,200 mg/day) and vitamin D (600–800 IU/day) is essential.
- Exercise: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises like walking, dancing, and strength training help maintain bone density.
- Avoid harmful habits: Limit alcohol, quit smoking, and reduce caffeine and sodium intake.
- Fall prevention: Keep living spaces safe and use assistive devices if needed.
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to prevent fractures and slow bone loss. Options include:
- Medications: Talk with your healthcare provider for more information on medications for bone health.
- Supplements: Calcium and vitamin D are often prescribed to support bone health.
- Lifestyle adjustments: Continued exercise, balanced diet, and regular monitoring.
Living with Osteoporosis
Managing osteoporosis is a lifelong commitment. Regular checkups, bone density monitoring, and adherence to treatment plans are crucial. With proper care, individuals can maintain mobility, reduce fracture risk, and improve quality of life.
During the preparation of this work, the author used the AI tool, CoPilot
References
[1] Osteoporosis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment – Cleveland Clinic
[2] Osteoporosis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
[3] Osteoporosis Causes, Risk Factors, & Symptoms | NIAMS
[4] Osteoporosis – Johns Hopkins Medicine
- Osteoporosis: A Silent Threat to Bone Health - October 24, 2025
- The Power of Positive Thinking: How It Shapes Mental Health - October 1, 2025
- High Blood Pressure? Know your Risk! - January 10, 2025